Turbine.



T. n. LAZARJDES. I

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZO. 1914.

mmfiw. Patented NOV; 23, m5.

3 SHEETSSHEET i.

T D. LAZARIDES.

JURBINE.

APPLICATION HLED JULYZO. 1914." V

Patented Nov. 23, X915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET.2.

VT. 0. LAZARIDES.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1uLY'2o.1914.

Patented Nov. 23, 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

Parishes enrich.

THRASYBULE D. LAZARIDES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TURBINE.

cd to utilize or fluid, {oarticulairly .s i,

. in an economical. and cthcicnt main nor, and for the production ofresults hithto unattained in apparatus of this type.

For surprises of illustration, one embodi- Ell'flllloi nruinvention hasbeen shown in the accompanyin drawings, in which- Figurel is a.longitudinal section; Fig. 2

a section taken on line 22 of Fig. 1, lookinn in the direction of thearrows; Fig. a rs; 'e of a short section of impulse hue c ia bottom VlEWof a pair of steam pass. 5 an elevation of a pair oi steam passages;Fig. 6 a. section 1 on line (id of Fig. 1, looking in the oi the arrows;Fig. 7 a section line '?-7 of Fig. 6, looking in the of the arrows; Fig.8 an enlarged, detail View of the hall-hearing ior the rotors; Fig. 9 afront eleoperating valve; ig. 10 a Vere operating valve; and Fig.session of the operating n on line 1l.-l.l of Fig. 10, lookcion of thearrows.

.encc ch: racters ref 4 out the dra indicatr,

di r taken on direction sectional mountin,

L10 siniiwings.

I supported :ndards is a rotor 3,

eoihooi "ars.

rotor is provided with any desired nrunher Lt reaction conduits t and 5.Reaction conduits 4: are adapted receive steam (if ti. at he the motivepower used) to ion. to the rotor in one direcole kwise (1",; 2); andconduits to rccr'vc steam. te impart re rotor reverse. direction,

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Ng mfig, 1915,:

Application filed July 20, 1914.

Serial No. 851,861.

as contra-clockwise (Fig. 2). In the embodiment illustrated in thedrawings (Fig. 2), the size of each reaction conduit decreases fromitscnt 'ance to its exit, but the variance may be modified, as well as-theangle of curvature, to accord with the re sults desired to be obtainedfrom each 'particular design of apparatus. Each rotor also is providedwith any desired number of impulse buckets 6 and 7. Impulse buckets 6are adapted to receive steam to inipart rotation to the rotor in onedirection, as clockwise (Fig. and impulse buckets? are adapted to impartrotation to the rotor in reverse direction, as contra-clockwise (Fig.2). I

Secured to the casing 8 of the turbine or integral therewith are steampassages 9 and 10. Passages 9 are adapted to conduct steam from reactionconduits 4 to impulse mitted through pipes 11 (at the left of Fig.

1), to channels 12 (Figs. 1 and 2). From channels 12 the steam will passinto reaction conduits 4:. in each rotor, and from thence throughpassages 9, which cause the steam to impinge'on impulse buckets 6. Thesteam impinging on brackets 6 "(or 7l escapes through openings 13 in thecasingto exhaust pipe 14 2). Spaces 10 a ls are provided (Fig. 2), whichpermit the steam to pass freely between the space he twecn the rotorsand the space at each side of the rotors. so that the steam canescapethrough. all the openings 13. lit will hefevident that the passage ofthe steam through the turbine is utilized thrice to impart rota tion tothe rotor: first, its passage through reaction conduits 4; second, itsimpingement on passages 9 which tends to increasethe force of the steamon reaction conduits 4; and thlrd, its impingement on impulse'bucln Ifit is desired torotate the main shaft in preferable,

/ increased force 1 a contra-clockwise direction (Fig 2), steam isadmitted through pipes 15 to channels 12 from whence itwill pass intoreaction conduits 5, through passages 10, and be impinged on impulsebuckets 7. The direction of rotation thus can be stopped and reversedalmost instantly by shutting oti' the steam from one set ot entrancepipes as 11, and admitting it at the other set of entrance pipes as 15,and vice versa. It'is but notessential, that a plurality of convergingentrance pipes 11 and of converging entrance pipes 15 be provided sothat thestreams of incoming steam meet at an angle and thus aretransmitted with "n the desired direction into their respectivechannels. The channels are so curved as to convey the steam to the reaction conduits without abrupt change 9f direction. To aid in stoppingthe apparatus quickly and with a minimum of vibration, exhaust pipe 14(Fig. 2) isprovided with a closure valve 16 of any desired type andcontrolled in any desired manner, as by a rod 17 connected to a handle18 (Fig. 9). If main shaft 1, for example, be rotated in a clockwisedirection (Fig. 2) by v the entrance of steam through pipes 11., and

it be desired to stop or reverse its rotation, steam is shut off frompipes 11, introduced through pipes 15, and closure valve 16 shut to anydesired degree, thereby utilizing the steam in reaction conduits 5, onpassages 10, cnimpulse buckets 7, and on all portions of the rotating Yparts exposed to the-pressure of the steam,

- (Figs. 1 and 8) to stop rotation. In order to prevent damage from atoo great pressure of steam under these conditions, a by-pass 19 (Fig.2) is provided in exhaust pipe 14., entrance to which is closed by aspring-pressed valve 20, which is so adjusted as to'open when the steampressure reaches a predetermined amount.

The right and left thrust of the rotors is taken'up by a. ball-bearing(Fig. 8) consisting of bearing-plate 21 secured to the rotor,bearing-plate 22 se- 4 the ball-bea ring,

cured to casing 8, and balls 23 therebetween. To prevent the escape ofsteam through a packing is provided consisting of packing material 24.held in position by a washer 25, spring 26, and nut 27. In order toprotect the ball-bearing, as, for example, from any vibration whichmight result from quick stopping or reversing, bearing-plate 22 issecured to casing 8 by some device having a suitable degree offlexibility, the embodiment illustrated in the drawing showing a support28 of suitable leather or its functional equivalent,

said washer preferably being slack and not drawn tight in order topermit transverse ,xheVernent of the rotor with respect to the casing.

In order to hold he leather (if that be used) in place without tearing,a Wire mesh 30 is placed over leather 28, and

the whole held in-place by bolts 29 :ind

washers 31 and 31'. This construction per mits an almost instantaneousstopping and reversal of the rotors, which has notbeen possibleheretofore owing to the ibration. transmitted by the rotors and shaft'tothe bine, and to supply additional motive power, auxiliary pipes 32 and33 are provided (Fig. 1), by means of which the steam may be impingeddirectly upon the buckets. Auxiliary pipes 32' are adapted to turn therotor in a" clockwise direction (Fig. 2), and auxiliary pipes 33 areadapted to turn the rotor in a contrwclockwise direction (Fig.2).

- In order to start, stop, control, and otherwise manipulate theapparatus above described, some etlicient meansof control is necessary,one embodiment of which I have illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, and 11 of thedrawings. The operating valve there disclosedconsists of a casing 40' towhich steam is. admitted through an opening 41. To illustrate theprinciple of operation, two sets of egress pipes are shown (Fig. 10),one set consisting of pipes 42 and 43 conducting steam to operate mainshaft 1 in a clockwise direction (Fig. 2), and the other set of pipes 44and 4-5 conducting the steam to operate the main shaft in acontra-clockwise direction (Fig. 2). Pipe 42 is 'connected in anydesired manner with pipes '11 (Fig. 1), and pipe 43 with auxiliary pipes32. In like manner pipe 44 is connectedin anydesired manner with pipes'L'n'and pipe 45 with auxiliary pipes Inside the valve casing are twoslidable valve members 46 and 47, each consisting of two. I

the outer valve? member 46, and an opening 51. adapted to be moved intoline with the other opening 48 of the outer valve member 46.

The movement oi inner valve member 49 is controlled by a shaft 52adapted to be raised and lowered in any desired manner. as by a wheel54. shaft 55. bevel gears 56. and nut 53 rotatably mounted in the frameand having screw threads engaging screw threads on said shaft 52. Theposltion of shaft 52 and therefore of inner valve member49 is indicatedby any desired means as by an arm 57 secured to shaft 52 and having apointer 56 adjacent a suitably graduated scale 60.

The outer valve member 46 is operated by a shaft 61 adapted to becontrolled by a governor secured to main shaft 1 (Fig. 1) and also by ahandle 75 (Fig. 9). Any desired form of governor may be used, but I haveillustrated in Fig. 1 a very sensitive and satisfactory form of governormounted on main shaft 1, and consisting of weights 62 slidably mountedon a rod 63 secured to main driving shaft 1, said rod being providedwith heads 63 to prevent weights 62 flying off and causing injury, incase of accident to the governor. Vveights 62 are connected by arms 66to a sleeve 64 havinga flange 65, said sleeve being slidably mounted onmain shaft 1, and maintained normally in outward position by a spring.67,

the pressure of which may be regulated by a threaded nut 67. As thespeed of main shaft 1 increases, weights 62 tend to move outwardly,thereby moving sleeve 64 to the right against the pressure of spring 67.This movement is imparted to shaft 61 of outer valve member 46 by a rod68 having a roller 69 adapted to bear on flange of said sleeve 64, theother end of said rod being connected in any suitable manner to saidshaft 61 of outer valve member 46. In the embodiment illustrated (Fig.9), theiend of rod. 68 adjacent the valve ends in a sleeve 79 slidablymounted on a rod 68 having a threaded nut against which bears saidsleeve 79.- Said rod 68 is connected to a toggle joint consisting oftoggle arms 70, 76. Toggle arm 70 is connected to a sleeve 7 slidablymounted on shaft 61, the positioof said sleeve being controlled throughlevers 72, 73. and 74, and by handle 75. The other toggle arm 76 isconnected to a collar 76' which is secured to shaft 61. A spring 77mounted on shaft 61 between the valve casing and fixed collar 76 tendsnormally to hold said outer valve member 46 in normal position with itsopenings 47 and 48 in line with the egress pipes. The position of outervalve member 46 is indicated by an arm 80 secured to fixed sleeve 76 andhaving a owing to the position of inner valve mem- 3 her 49. if it isdesired to rotate the main shaft in a clockwise direction, which we willassume is forward in accordance with the graduated scale shown on Fig.9, said inner valve member 49 is raised by'means of wheel 54 until itsopening 50 is in line with opening 47 of outervalve member 46 and. thuswith pipes 42 and 43. The steam will pass through opening 50 of innervalve member 49, through opening 47 of outer valve member 46, throughpipe 42 into pipes 11 (Fig 1)', and also through pipe 43 into auxiliarypipes 32 (Fig. 1). This will start the turbine in the desired directionas described above. creases, weights'62 of the governor will moveoutward, thereby, in the manner described above, raising outer valvemember 46 by rods 68, 68, toggle arm 76, and shaft 61. As the speedincreases, outer valve member 46 will be raised until steam is cut offfrom pipe 43, thereby shutting off the steam from auxiliary pipes 32,and operatmg the turbine through pipes 11. As the speed increases stillmore, outer valve mem-."

ber 46 will continue to rise, gradually cutting'oif steam from pipe 42.speed of rotation is desired, handle 7 5 (Fig. 9) is moved to the right,thereby lowering sleeve 71 of the toggle joint, which causes outer valvemember 46 to be lowered, ad-' As the speed of main shaft 1 in- If agreater 7 mitting more steam, first to pipe 42 and then I to pipe 43.therefore is obtained by the governor, which may be varied by operatinghandle 7 5. The operation of the governor may be adjusted by nut 67 onmain shaftl (Fig.- 1) and by nut 78 on rod 68 (Fig. 9). The operation isthe same if itis desired to rotate main A constant speed of rotationshaft 1 contra-clockwise or in a reverse di.

rection, with the exception that wheel 54 will be turned in the oppositedirection, thereby lowering inner valve member 49 and bringing itsopening 51 in line with opening 48 of outer valve member 46 and thus inline with pipes 44 and 45. As the speed inoperated to shut closure valve16 (Fig. 2) to c any desired extent, thereby utilizing the increasedsteam pressure to stop the turbine almost instantly in the mannerdescribed above.- When the turbine is stopped and begins to reverse,closure valve 16 is opened in order to allow free exhaust for the steamas in ordinary operation.

It is obvious that my invention is capable of many modifications andthat its propor-,

tions may be altered or other embodiments thereof constructed withoutdeparting therefrom or from the scope of the claims. The

use of terms is intended to be illustrative merely, and notre'strictive.

' buckets. 2. In a turbine, a casing, a rotor,-means on extending intosteam-conveying means independent of and extending into said passagesand adapted to impinge steam said casing and on said ,rotor adapted toutilize the action of steam thrice for impart.-

ing rotation to said rotor, means to convey steam to said rotor, andauxiliary steam-conveying means independent oi said secondnamed means toconvey steam to said rotor at a. separate point of entrance.

3. In a turbine, a rotor provided with impulse buckets, steam passagesto convey live steam to said impulse buckets, and auxiliarysteam-conveying means independent of and said passages and adapted toimpinge live steam directly on said impulse buckets. 1

4.. In a turbine, a casing, a shaft, a rotor mounted on saidshaft-having reaction conduits and impulse buckets adapted to receivesteam to impart rotation to said rotor,'steam .passages on said casingadapted to convey steam from said reaction conduits to said 'impulsebuckets, and auxiliary steam-conveyi-ng means in said steam passages.

5. In a turbine, a casing, a shaft, a rotor mounted on said shaft havingreaction conduits and impulse buckets adapted toreceive steam to impartrotation to steam passages on said casing adapted to convey live steam'from said reaction conduits to said impulse buckets, and auxiliary livesteam-conveying means in said steam passages.

6. In a turbine, arotor, and means to admit steam to said rotorcomprising a plurality of steam inlets having converging axes wherebythe streams of incoming steam meet at an' angle and are transmitted withincreased force in a horizontal direction.

7 In aturbine, a rotor, and means to' admit steam to said rotor comp'ising a plurality of steam inlets having converging axes and adjacentoutlets whereby the incoming steam from each outlet meets the incomingdirectly on said impulse said rotor,

nieinao steam from an adjacent outlet, and the streams are transmittedwith increased force in a horizontal direction.

8. In a turbine, a rotor having reaction conduits and channels curvinginto said conduits to convey steam thereto, and converging steam inletswhereby the steam is transmitted with increased force into saidchannels.

9. In a turbine, a. rotor having reaction conduits and impulse buckets,and a casing provided with steam passages adapted to convey steam fromsaid reaction conduits to said impulse buckets and also with means topermit steam to pass from one side-01E said rotor to the other.

10. In a turbine, a rotor having reaction conduits and impulse buckets,a casing provided with steam passages adapted to convey steam from saidreaction conduits to said impulse buckets and also with passages betweenthe walls of said steam passages to permit the escape of steam from saideasing into the exhaust.

11. In a turbine, a casing provided with a plurality of exhaustopenings, a rotor having, reaction conduits and impulse buckets adaptedto receive steam to impart rotation. to said rotor, and steam passageson said casing adapted to convey steam from said reaction conduits tosaid impulse buckets and provided with. spaces between said steampassages whereby the exhaust steam may pass from one side of said. rotorto the other and thence to all of said exhaust openings in said casing.

12. In a turbine, a casihg, a rotor, means to admit steam to said casingto turn said rotor, means to permit the escape of steam from said casingafter turning said rotor,

and means to lessen the escape of steam from said. casing in order tostop said rotor comprising a closure valve in, the means to per-- mitthe escape of steam from said casing, and a by-pass around said closurevalve provided with aspring-pressed valve.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand.

THItASYBULIl l). LAZARIDES. Witnesses G. LLOYD, Josnrnmn Unssnun.

